The ongoing digital transformation of modern society results in dynamic environments that present changes, opportunities and threats for modern organizations. A systems approach allows to define the attributes of change in a holistic way that captures the always paradoxical state change is in. Although the borders between the change system and the system to be changed are not always easy to perceive, this view seems to create a richer picture on change. In order to overcome the dichotomist view, organizational change is approached not as a process changing a system but as a system by itself.

The purpose of this chapter is to try to consolidate the vast literature on the types and attributes of change in order to find a more homogeneous set of attributes.įrom an extensive literature research on change articles and books from 1970 onward, eight dimensions of change attributes were found that are able to describe the characteristics of a change in a dynamic way. Although types and attributes of change are largely studied in the change literature, there is no general agreement on the attributes that can best describe the different types of change. When discussing one of these attributes they will make a deviating classification in the way in which change arises. Many authors describe only one or some of these characteristics and attribute a normative value to it. The literature on change is characterized by an opposite, dichotomist view on the subject.

Change pdf attributes